The grasshopper is an insect of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera sometimes referred to as the short-horned grasshopper to distinguish it from katydids or bush crickets. Grasshopper species which change color and behavior at high population densities are called locusts.

Grasshoppers have antennae that are generally shorter than their body and short ovipositors. They also have pinchers or mandibles that cut and tear off food. Those species that make easily heard noises usually do so by rubbing the hind femurs against the forewings or abdomen (stridulation) or by snapping the wings in flight. Tympana, if present are on the sides of the first abdominal segment. The hind femora are typically long and strong fitted for leaping. Generally they are winged, but hind wings are membranous while front wings (tegmina) are coriaceous and not fit for flight. Females are normally larger than males, with short ovipositors. Males have a single unpaired plate at the end of the abdomen. Females have two pairs of valves (triangles) at the end of the abdomen used to dig in sand during egg laying.

They are easily confused with the other sub-order of Orthoptera Ensifera (crickets) but are different in many aspects such as the number of segments in their antennae and structure of the ovipositor as well as the location of the tympana and modes of sound production. Ensiferans have antennae with at least 20-24 segments and caeliferans have fewer. In evolutionary terms, the split between the Caelifera and the Ensifera is no more recent than the Permo-Triassic boundary.

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