The Political Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1917 is the fundamental rule, established to legally govern the country, which sets the limits and defines the relations between the powers of the federation: legislative, executive and judicial power, among the three differentiated orders of the governmentː the federal, state and municipal, and between all those and the citizens. Likewise, it establishes the bases for the government and for the organization of the institutions in which power is based and establishes, as the supreme social pact of Mexican society, the rights and duties of the Mexican people.

The Constitution of 1917 is a contribution of the Mexican legal tradition to universal constitutionalism, given that it was the first Constitution of history that included social rights1, expressed in articles 3, 27 and 123, product of the demands of the popular classes that they starred in the Mexican Revolution.2

In total, the constitutional text has nine Titles that contain 136 articles and 19 transitory ones. The text follows the classic guidelines of political doctrines by having a dogmatic part, which covers the first 39 articles and establishes rights and obligations, and an organic part, contained in the remaining 98 articles and which defines the organization of public powers.

It had as precedents the Constitution of Apatzingán of 1814, the Constitution of 1824 and the Constitution of 1857. Regarding the latter, in terms of the political system, the main changes are the elimination of the re-election of the President of the Republic and the position of vice president, as well as the creation of the free municipality3.