The killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) is a marine mammal a detachment of cetaceans a suborder of toothed whales Odontoceti a family of dolphin. The only modern representative of the species. The fossil remains of Orcinus citoniensis Capellini, 1883 the second species of the genus Orcinus were discovered in Italy Tuscany in the Pliocene sediments.

Killer whales are the largest carnivorous dolphin. Differ from other dolphins in contrasting black and white color. Male reach a length of 10 m and have a mass of up to 8 tons females up to 8.7 m in length. Dorsal fin in males high and almost straight and in females about half as large and bent. Unlike most dolphins the pectoral fins of the killer whale are not pointed and sickle-shaped but wide and oval. Head short flattened from above without beak; Teeth are massive up to 13 cm long adapted to tearing up large prey.

The color of the back and sides of the killer whale is black the throat is white on the belly is a white longitudinal strip. In some forms of Antarctic killer whales the back is darker than the sides. On the back behind the dorsal fin there is a gray saddle stain. Above each eye there is a white spot. In the waters of the Arctic and the Antarctic white spots can acquire a yellowish-greenish or brown hue due to the covering of a film of diatom algae. The form of the spots in the killer whales is so individual that it makes it possible to identify individual individuals. In addition, in the north of the Pacific Ocean there are completely black and white individuals.

Although the killer whale is a predator with a wide range of food, each individual population has a rather narrow food specialization. So some populations of the Norwegian Sea specialize in herring and every autumn they migrate after it to the coast of Norway; Other populations in the same area prey on pinnipeds. At the same time food preferences determine the sociobiological features of populations. When studying Canadian were identified two of their varieties: resident and transit or homebodies and vagabonds.

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